New York City has strict lead paint laws that affect homes built before 1960—or before 1978 if lead is known to be present. Property owners need to understand how these rules impact property sales, rentals, and management.
- Local Law 31 (2020) says landlords must test for lead paint using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) in any unit where a child under six lives.
- Local Law 111 (2023) expands Local Law 31. Now, all apartments and common areas in covered buildings must be tested by August 9, 2025—even if no children live there. Test results must be kept for at least 10 years.
- Local Law 122 (2023) adds new recordkeeping rules. Starting in August 2025, owners must show proof of testing if there’s a violation. Beginning September 2024, they also need to provide annual notices and keep records of any inspections.
- Local Law 123 (2023) requires stricter cleanup in units where children under six live. Starting January 1, 2025, owners must fix friction areas on doors and windows and make sure floors are smooth and easy to clean. Full compliance is due by July 1, 2027, or within three years of a new qualifying tenant moving in.
If property owners don’t follow the rules, they can face Class “C” violations and fines of up to $1,500 per issue. Owners can lower future responsibilities by getting a lead-free or lead-safe exemption, but they must complete certified testing or removal to qualify.
For more lead-based paint information and resources, visit the NYC Housing Preservation and Development website.
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